Laws are things that affect our daily lives that sometimes we think is very rare. There was a time when the laws that we know today did not exist before. Here are 10 of the first things that are important in the history of the legal world.
1. First Patent Law
There is evidence to suggest that something like patents was used in some cities of ancient Greece. Creator of a new recipe was awarded an exclusive right to cook food for a year, and the same practice also applies in some Roman cities. Modern patent began in Italy in 1474. At that time the Republic of Venice issued a decree that the discovery of new equipment, which has been used, must be reported to the republic to get the right to prevent others from using it. England followed a similar thing with the Statute of Monopolies in 1623 under the reign of King James I, which states that patents can only be given to the discovery of new projects only.
2. Copyright Law (Copyright) First
Copyright (copy right) was not found until the printing press technology developments and the illiteracy-free rate increases. Statute of Anne was the first law of copy right and give the author his rights for a specified period. Internationally, the Berne Convention in 1887 provides the scope of protection of copy right and still in use today.
3. First Universal Suffrage
In 1893, New Zealand became the first country in the world that provided suffrage for women. This is the first time in the history of the western world women are given legal force by the men.
4. First Jury
The concept of the first modern jury can be traced in the Magna Carta, which gave English nobles the right to be tried by his peers (rather than simply judged by the king or other State officials).
5. First Use of Habeas Corpus
Habeas corpus is a legal action in which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention. Blackstone (English judge) wrote the first record of the use of habeas corpus in the year 1305 during the reign of King Edward I.
6. Lawyers First
The first person who can be said as "lawyer" is probably the orators of ancient Athens. However, the Athenian orator faced serious structural constraints. First, there is a rule that individuals should have to defend their own cases, which soon diverted by the increasing tendency of individuals to ask a "friend" as an aid, and second, the orator was not allowed to charge for their services. A law prohibiting the year 204 BC the Roman lawyers asking for payment, but the law is widely ignored. Emperor Claudius, who adopted advocacy as a profession and allow lawyers to be lawyers first Roman who could practice openly, abolishing the ban cost. From the beginning, unlike Athens, Rome developed a class of specialists who study the law, known as the jurisconsult (iuris consulti).
7. Perpetrators of Criminal Arrest with DNA First
Colin Pitchfork was the first criminal offender who was caught by DNA fingerprint evidence. Proven Pitchfork raped and murdered two girls in Narborough on November 21, 1983 and July 31, 1986. He was arrested on September 19, 1987, admitted his actions and sentenced to life imprisonment on January 23, 1988.
8. Use of the First Fingerprint
It is not known definitely when the fingerprints are used. But we can see the documentation of the use of fingerprints that are important as follows:
14th century AD, Persian: at various official government document used fingerprints, and a doctor observed that no two fingerprints are identical
1823: Jan Evangelista Purkyne, a professor of anatomy at the University of Breslau, published his thesis discussing 9 fingerprint patterns, but he did not mention the use of fingerprints to identify a person.
1880: Dr. Henry Faulds published his first paper on this subject in the science journal Nature in 1880. Back to the UK in 1886, he offered this concept to the Metropolitan Police in London, but was rejected.
1892: Sir Francis Galton published a detailed statistical model of fingerprint analysis and identification and encouraged its use in forensic science in his book Finger Prints.
1892: Juan Vucetich, an Argentine police who had been studying Galton pattern types for a year, making the first criminal fingerprint identification. He successfully proved Francisca Rojas guilty of murder after showing a bloody fingerprint found at the scene were the woman's own.
9. police First
The concept of police paid the government has emerged in the 17th century and early 18th century, known as Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police ("Treatise on the Police"), first published 1705. German Polizeiwissenschaft (Police Studies) is also a theoretical formulation of police matters. In 1667, the reign of King Louis XIV created the first modern police force in the greatest city in Europe.
10. First Written Law
Legal history is closely associated with the development of civilization. Ancient Egyptian law, since 3000 BC, has a civil code which may be divided into twelve books. It is based on the concept of Ma'at, marked by tradition, rhetorical speech, social equality and impartial justice. Around the year 1760 BC Ancient Babylon under King Hammurabi, codified law-making and incorporated into the stone to the public in the market, this is known as the Codex Hammurabi.
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